Table 2 Descriptive statistics.
Variable | Â | Mean | Std. dev. | Min | Max | Observations |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RE | Overall | 65.4575 | 26.18148 | 8.94 | 98.34 | N = 360 |
 | Between |  | 26.39925 | 11.5495 | 96.688 | n = 18 |
 | Within |  | 5.043174 | 53.1095 | 83.2495 | T = 20 |
NR | Overall | 10.49707 | 10.01957 | 0.0011721 | 55.87479 | N = 378 |
 | Between |  | 9.196334 | 0.0061863 | 33.22478 | n = 18 |
 | Within |  | 4.506194 | −11.89842 | 33.14708 | T = 21 |
FD | Overall | 1.581699 | 2.060268 | −23.25714 | 9.907708 | N = 331 |
 | Between |  | 0.7795478 | .6583126 | 3.196568 | n = 18 |
 | Within |  | 1.919115 | −22.33375 | 10.63763 | T bar = 18.3889 |
(Trade/GDP) | Overall | 61.45642 | 27.02247 | 0.7568755 | 152.5471 | N = 378 |
 | Between |  | 24.32156 | 21.94535 | 111.7152 | n = 18 |
 | Within |  | 13.04059 | 19.27652 | 119.9362 | T = 21 |
GDP per capita | Overall | 5536.109 | 5204.89 | 628.6933 | 23681.58 | N = 378 |
 | Between |  | 5240.877 | 870.5761 | 17389.65 | n = 18 |
 | Within |  | 1039.81 | 400.758 | 11828.04 | T = 21 |
(Urbanization/population) | Overall | 44.24259 | 16.46339 | 14.786 | 90.092 | N = 378 |
 | between |  | 16.51976 | 16.28086 | 85.1561 | n = 18 |
 | Within |  | 3.552199 | 34.94102 | 53.20106 | T = 21 |