Table 1 Preliminary criteria.

Physical aspect (D₁)

Aesthetics and original architecture (E₁)

The reuse function requires aesthetics or uniqueness of the building's exterior or structure;

Sharifi and Farahinia., 2023; Dell’Ovo et al., 2021; Vehbi et al., 2021; Pieris, 2018; Chen et al., 2018; Pendlebury et al., 2017; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Spatial flow (E₂)

The reuse function has strict requirements for the spatial layout of the building;

Cucco et al., 2023; Sharifi and Farahinia., 2023; Vehbi et al., 2021; Bottero et al., 2019; Haroun et al., 2019; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Structural integrity (E₃)

The reuse function requires that the building is in good condition, with no serious damage or collapse, and can be used for a long;

Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Labadi et al., 2021; Vehbi et al., 2021; Haroun et al., 2019

Plot size (E₄)

The Reuse function has specific requirements for usable and appurtenant square footage of the building;

Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Bottero et al., 2019

Natural lighting and natural ventilation (E₅)

The reuse function clearly requires natural lighting and ventilation of the building.

Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Dell’Ovo et al., 2021; Labadi et al., 2021

Environmental aspect (D₂)

Orientation of the building (E₆)

The reuse function has specific requirements for building orientation (e.g., commercial categories need to face the road, etc.);

Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Landscape and townscape (E₇)

The reuse function would enhance the quality of the surrounding landscape and the cityscape;

Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Della Spina, 2021; Labadi et al., 2021; Bottero et al., 2019; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Acoustic quality (E₈)

The reuse function matches the acoustic quality of the surrounding environment;

Bottero et al., 2019

Reduce pollution (E₉)

The reuse function can protect the surrounding ecological environment and effectively utilize natural resources, etc;

Della Spina, 2021; Labadi et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2018

Enable a connected and open space network (E₁₀)

The reuse function can connect with the surrounding space and increase public utilization;

Gravagnuolo et al., 2024; Cucco et al., 2023; Karami, 2022; Dell’Ovo et al., 2021; Labadi et al., 2021; Haroun et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2018

Benefit community facilities (E₁₁)

The reuse function can provide infrastructure for the surrounding areas, such as car parks and bus stops;

Gravagnuolo et al., 2024; Dell’Ovo et al., 2021; Bottero et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2018

Commercial activities and Sports facilities (E₁₂)

The reuse function needs to be surrounded by well-developed services and leisure facilities, such as green parks, ATMs, and so on;

Gravagnuolo et al., 2024; Della Spina, 2021; Bottero et al., 2019

Economic aspect (D₃)

Provide preliminary investments and follow-up Maintenance (E₁₃)

The reuse function can receive maintenance and rehabilitation grants with government or private support;

Gravagnuolo et al., 2024; Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Vehbi et al., 2021; Ribera et al., 2020; Haroun et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2018; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Improve the value of land use (E₁₄)

The reuse function would increase land values in the surrounding area;

Della Spina, 2021; Vehbi et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2018

Optimize local economic structure (E₁₅)

The reuse function stimulates the economy and promotes the economic benefits of the building;

Della Spina, 2021; Labadi et al., 2021; Ribera et al., 2020; Haroun et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2018; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Cultural aspect (D₄)

Historical values (E₁₆)

The reuse function can highlight the historical and cultural values behind the building itself;

Gravagnuolo et al., 2024; Maselli et al., 2024; Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Della Spina, 2021; Vehbi et al., 2021; Haroun et al., 2019; Chen et al., 2018; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Cultural meaning for the local community (E₁₇)

The reuse function reflects local cultural characteristics, such as customs;

Maselli et al., 2024; Cucco et al., 2023; Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Della Spina, 2021; Labadi et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2018; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Authenticity (E₁₈)

The reuse function preserves as much of its value character as possible;

Della Spina, 2021; Labadi et al., 2021; Chen et al., 2018; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Social aspect (D₅)

Population density (E₁₉)

The reuse function would need to be located at a higher population density in the surrounding area;

Della Spina, 2021; Chen et al., 2018

Meeting the needs of local residents (E₂₀)

The reuse function can alleviate some of the social problems and bring benefits to the public;

Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Della Spina, 2021; Dell’Ovo et al., 2021; Labadi et al., 2021; Vehbi et al., 2021; Ribera et al., 2020; Chen et al., 2018; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Display regional identity (E₂₁)

The reuse function can display city or community symbols and enhance local identity;

Gibbeson, 2023; Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Labadi et al., 2021; Haroun et al., 2019; Joseph et al., 2013

Political aspect (D₆)

Building regulations (E₂₂)

The reuse function meets the appropriate building code requirements;

Sharifi and Farahinia., 2023; Labadi et al., 2021; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Urban master plan (E₂₃)

The reuse function can be supported by the Government's urban planning, such as land use, urban design, and so on;

Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Ribera et al., 2020; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016; Joseph et al., 2013

Comprehensive preservation and management systems (E₂₄)

The reuse function meets the requirements of the Conservation Plan for the building and its surroundings;

Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Labadi et al., 2021; Vehbi et al., 2021; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016

Ownership (E₂₅)

The reuse function is a voluntary program for those who own the property;

Sharifi and Farahinia, 2023; Ribera et al., 2020; Mısırlısoy and Günçe, 2016