Table 2 Prevalence of anaemia among adolescent girls in Aspirational Districts by background characteristics in NFHS-4 and NFHS-5.
Background characteristics | NFHS 4 | NFHS 5 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prevalence of Anaemia (%) | 95% CI [Lower, Upper] | Prevalence of Anaemia (%) | 95% CI [Lower, Upper] | Change in % point | |
Marital status | χ2 = 17.82, p-value: 0.030 | χ2 = 22.28, p-value: 0.012 | |||
Currently married | 60.1 | [58.15,62.04] | 63.4 | [61.22,65.57] | 3.3 |
Not married | 58.3 | [57.22,59.29] | 62.2 | [61.12,63.20] | 3.9 |
Formerly married | 71.0 | [53.62,83.88] | 69.7 | [44.53,86.87] | −1.3 |
Parity | χ2 = 16.05, p value:0.004 | χ2 = 11.25, p-value: 0.036 | |||
No child | 58.3 | [57.33,59.26] | 62.1 | [61.12,63.07] | 3.8 |
1–2 children | 63.7 | [60.33,67.01] | 67.2 | [63.32,70.80] | 3.4 |
3–4 children | 56.3 | [26.60,82.08] | 65.5 | [33.93,87.48] | 9.2 |
Breastfeeding status | χ2 = 13.67, p-value: 0.007 | χ2 = 3.91, p-value: 0.133 | |||
Not breastfeeding | 58.4 | [57.38,59.31] | 62.2 | [61.25,63.20] | 3.9 |
Breastfeeding | 63.8 | [59.93,67.51] | 65.5 | [61.31,69.45] | 1.7 |
Pregnancy status | χ2 = 5.05, p-value: 0.090 | χ2 = 7.33, p-value: 0.033 | |||
Not pregnant | 58.8 | [57.85,59.76] | 62.6 | [61.59,63.52] | 3.8 |
Pregnant | 55.1 | [50.85,59.34] | 57.6 | [52.91,62.13] | 2.5 |
Level of education | χ2 = 80.93, p-value: < 0.001 | χ2 = 10.64, p-value: 0.077 | |||
No education | 63.9 | [61.47,66.26] | 66.0 | [62.90,68.94] | 2.1 |
Primary | 64.9 | [62.30,67.49] | 61.4 | [58.36,64.33] | −3.6 |
Secondary | 57.3 | [56.22,58.34] | 62.2 | [61.12,63.19] | 4.9 |
Higher | 53.9 | [49.11,58.69] | 61.2 | [57.11,65.17] | 7.3 |
Social groups | χ2 = 194.68, p-value: <0.001 | χ2 = 107.26, p-value: <0.001 | |||
SC | 59.7 | [57.61,61.74] | 62.0 | [60.05,63.98] | 2.4 |
ST | 67.5 | [65.78,69.12] | 69.7 | [67.90,71.45] | 2.2 |
OBC | 57.3 | [55.90,58.63] | 60.2 | [58.76,61.55] | 2.9 |
Others | 51.6 | [49.32,53.95] | 60.6 | [58.22,63.02] | 9.0 |
Religion | χ2 = 81.72, p-value: <0.001 | χ2 = 30.75, p-value: <0.001 | |||
Hindu | 59.4 | [58.34,60.42] | 62.7 | [61.66,63.75] | 3.3 |
Muslim | 52.5 | [50.11,54.88] | 58.4 | [55.85,60.95] | 5.9 |
Christian | 63.0 | [57.38,68.35] | 68.2 | [63.45,72.52] | 5.1 |
Others | 67.9 | [62.93,72.40] | 67.5 | [63.67,71.17] | −0.3 |
Household wealth | χ2 = 26.89, p-value: 0.008 | χ2 = 86.91, p-value: <0.001 | |||
Poorest | 62.3 | [60.91,63.71] | 65.0 | [63.54,66.49] | 2.7 |
Poorer | 57.1 | [55.45,58.75] | 63.1 | [61.35,64.73] | 5.9 |
Middle | 56.6 | [54.45,58.71] | 60.8 | [58.62,62.90] | 4.2 |
Richer | 55.1 | [52.36,57.75] | 59.7 | [57.12,62.24] | 4.6 |
Richest | 55.9 | [51.93,59.78] | 52.3 | [48.30,56.24] | −3.6 |
Place of residence | χ2 = 5.18, p-value: 0.141 | χ2 = 2.52, p-value: 0.322 | |||
Urban | 57.0 | [54.52,59.45] | 61.1 | [58.28,63.88] | 4.1 |
Rural | 59.0 | [57.98,60.02] | 62.6 | [61.60,63.61] | 3.6 |
Mass media exposure | χ2 = 18.58, p-value: 0.006 | χ2 = 20.45, p-value: 0.002 | |||
No | 61.5 | [59.81,63.17] | 64.7 | [63.05,66.37] | 3.2 |
Low | 59.1 | [57.74,60.46] | 61.5 | [60.30,62.62] | 2.4 |
Medium | 56.3 | [54.67,57.98] | 60.9 | [58.13,63.50] | 4.5 |
High | 53.5 | [48.95,57.92] | 0.0 | 0.00 | −53.5 |
Frequency of eating egg | χ2 = 13.59, p-value: 0.019 | χ2 = 11.80, p-value: 0.024 | |||
Never | 56.5 | [54.78,58.17] | 60.2 | [58.28,62.00] | 3.7 |
Frequently | 59.6 | [58.01,61.17] | 62.9 | [61.52,64.35] | 3.3 |
Occasionally | 59.1 | [57.71,60.48] | 63.1 | [61.62,64.49] | 4.0 |
Frequency of eating fish | χ2 = 26.26, p-value: <0.001 | χ2 = 22.73, p-value: 0.001 | |||
Never | 56.0 | [54.35,57.57] | 59.7 | [58.01,61.30] | 3.7 |
Frequently | 59.1 | [57.37,60.79] | 63.3 | [61.66,64.90] | 4.2 |
Occasionally | 60.1 | [58.72,61.38] | 63.4 | [61.98,64.83] | 3.4 |
Frequency of eating chicken | χ2 = 23.10, p-value: 0.001 | χ2 = 11.85, p-value: 0.028 | |||
Never | 56.2 | [54.5,57.83] | 60.3 | [58.59,62.06] | 4.2 |
Frequently | 60.5 | [58.80,62.26] | 62.9 | [61.24,64.43] | 2.3 |
Occasionally | 58.9 | [57.55,60.13] | 63.2 | [61.80,64.59] | 4.4 |
Alcohol consumption | χ2 = 1.84, p-value: 0.247 | χ2 = 2.66, p-value: 0.121 | |||
No | 58.6 | [57.67,59.56] | 62.4 | [61.39,63.30] | 3.7 |
Yes | 65.2 | [53.86,75.02] | 74.8 | [58.45,86.19] | 9.6 |
Body Mass Index | χ2 = 13.39, p-value: 0.070 | χ2 = 19.51, p-value: 0.008 | |||
Underweight | 59.5 | [58.16,60.80] | 63.0 | [61.53,64.42] | 3.5 |
Normal weight | 58.3 | [57.10,59.45] | 62.3 | [61.12,63.48] | 4.0 |
Overweight | 51.6 | [45.57,57.57] | 53.8 | [48.61,58.86] | 2.2 |
Obese | 58.7 | [43.84,72.17] | 65.6 | [55.34,74.65] | 6.9 |
Currently having diabetes | χ2 = 3.65, p-value: 0.101 | χ2 = 5.15, p-value: 0.039 | |||
No | 58.7 | [57.73,59.62] | 62.3 | [61.36,63.28] | 3.7 |
Yes | 44.1 | [27.89,61.66] | 74.5 | [62.25,83.86] | 30.5 |
Currently amenorrheic | χ2 = 22.53, p-value: <0.001 | χ2 = 8.86, p-value: 0.016 | |||
No | 58.4 | [57.45,59.36] | 62.2 | [61.27,63.20] | 3.8 |
Yes | 69.1 | [63.52,74.14] | 70.0 | [63.76,75.58] | 0.9 |
Year | 59.7 | [57.70,59.59] | 63.4 | [61.42,63.33] | 3.7 |
