Table 2 Scale items and reliability testing.
Variables (Cronbach alpha) | Item | Factor loadings | CR | AVE |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sustainable Supply Management(SSM) (0.84) | SSM1: Our firm assesses supplier factory workshops to evaluate their environmental and social performance. | 0.70 | 0.84 | 0.65 |
SSM2: Our firm collaborates with suppliers to mitigate the social and environmental (negative) impacts of products. | 0.82 | |||
SSM3: Our firm collaborates with suppliers to minimize the (negative) impacts on society and the environment arising from processes and operations. | 0.88 | |||
Sustainable Process Management (SPM) (0.80) | SPM1: Our firm has established an environmental management system, such as ISO 14001. | 0.79 | 0.81 | 0.60 |
SPM2: Workplace safety has been enhanced, ensuring occupational health (e.g., through the implementation and execution of OHSAS 18001). | 0.83 | |||
SPM3: Active participation in societal activities, adhering to relevant codes of conduct and engaging in social welfare activities, has been undertaken by our firm to enhance corporate responsibility. | 0.68 | |||
Stakeholder Pressure (SP) (0.82) | SP1: Our firm perceives environmental and social pressures from customers. | 0.65 | 0.83 | 0.62 |
SP2: Environmental and social pressures from shareholders are recognized by our firm. | 0.88 | |||
SP3: Our firm acknowledges environmental and social pressures from employees. | 0.81 | |||
Social Performance (SCO) (0.90) | SCO1: There has been a significant improvement in the product image of our firm. | 0.86 | 0.90 | 0.71 |
SCO2: Customer satisfaction has been increased by our firm. | 0.90 | |||
SCO3: Our firm has elevated community satisfaction. | 0.88 | |||
SCO4: Competitor satisfaction has been heightened by our firm. | 0.71 | |||
Environmental Performance (EMP) (0.92) | EMP1: Our firm has reduced air emissions. | 0.88 | 0.92 | 0.79 |
EMP2: Waste emissions have been decreased by our firm. | 0.91 | |||
EMP3: There has been a substantial reduction in the frequency of environmental incidents by our firm. | 0.88 | |||
Operational Performance (OPE) (0.89) | OPE1: Our firm has the ability to swiftly modify products to meet the needs of our primary customers. | 0.85 | 0.89 | 0.73 |
OPE2: Rapid introduction of new products to the market is within the capability of our firm. | 0.87 | |||
OPE3: Our firm possesses the capacity to promptly respond to changes in market demands. | 0.84 | |||
Economic Performance (ECO) (0.84) | ECO1: There has been a notable improvement in resource management efficiency within our firm. | 0.81 | 0.85 | 0.65 |
ECO2: Our firm has significantly enhanced its sales profitability. | 0.85 | |||
ECO3: Our firm has reduced the costs associated with purchasing raw materials. | 0.75 |
