Table 3 Endogeneity and robustness test.

From: Driving effect of government environmental protection expenditure on green technology from the perspective of fiscal transparency

 

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

Variables

IV

FE

FE

FE

\(\mathrm{ln}{envi}\)

0.362

(1.37)

0.314

(1.26)

0.323

(1.28)

0.350

(1.16)

\(\mathrm{ln}{fiscal}\)

0.290

(1.33)

0.203

(1.08)

0.239

(1.33)

0.308

(1.27)

\(\mathrm{ln}{envi}* \mathrm{ln}{fiscal}\)

0.782***

(2.73)

0.720***

(5.31)

0.676***

(5.89)

0.461***

(3.89)

Control variable

YES

YES

YES

YES

City effect

YES

YES

YES

YES

Year effect

YES

YES

YES

YES

AR (1)

0.042

   

AR (2)

0.135

   

Sargan

0.190

   

Observations

1524

1750

1778

2032

R-squared

 

0.623

0.646

0.562

  1. Note: t-values are in brackets, ***, **, and * indicate significant at 1%, 5%, and 10% levels, respectively.
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