Table 3 Distribution characteristics of KDE curves of UCEE across the country and four regions.

From: Spatiotemporal evolution and convergence patterns of urban carbon emission efficiency in China

Type

Distribution location

Main peak shape

Ductility

Number of peaks

Nationwide

move right

height increases

width increases

right-skewed tail convergent ductility

unimodal

Eastern China

move right

height increases

width increases

right-skewed tail convergent ductility

unimodal

Central China

move right

height increases

width increases

right-skewed tail convergent ductility

unimodal

Western China

move right

height increases

width increases

right-skewed tail divergent ductility

bimodal multimodal

Northeastern China

move left

height decreases

width increases

right-skewed tail divergent ductility

unimodal bimodal