Table 1 Scale development procedure.

From: Employee experience: conceptualization, scale development, and validation

Phase

Study

Focus of study

Data/sample

Method

Phase 1

Study 1

Explore the critical components of EX

29,554 online reviews from employees at 30 companies

Focused web crawler

Content mining

Study 2

Extend the components of EX

1228 descriptions from 99 open-ended questionnaires

Open-ended questionnaires

Content mining

Study 3

Identify the dimensions of EX and generate the initial items

N = 9

Semi-structured interviews

Grounded theory

Phase 2

Study 4

Item reduction and test of factor structure

N = 357 for EFA

N = 427 for CFA

Exploratory factor analysis

Confirmatory factor analysis

Measurement invariance

Study 5

Tests of convergent and discriminant validity

N = 353

Correlation

Confirmatory factor analysis

Hierarchical regression

Study 6

Tests of predictive and incremental validity