Table 6 Results of measurement invariance tests (N = 427).

Group	Model	χ² (df)	CFI	TLI	SRMR	RMSEA	Δχ² (df)	p	ΔCFI	ΔTLI	ΔSRMR	ΔRMSEA
Gender	Configural	445.473 (320)	0.964	0.957	0.0532	0.030
	Metric	456.816 (335)	0.965	0.960	0.0532	0.029	11.343 (15)	0.728	0.001	0.003	0.0000	−0.001
	Scalar	472.432 (350)	0.965	0.962	0.0607	0.029	15.616 (15)	0.408	0.000	0.002	0.0075	0.000
Age	Configural	428.464 (320)	0.968	0.963	0.0533	0.028
	Metric	444.305 (335)	0.968	0.964	0.0543	0.028	15.841 (15)	0.393	0.000	0.001	0.0010	0.000
	Scalar	459.260 (350)	0.968	0.966	0.0598	0.027	14.955 (15)	0.455	0.000	0.002	0.0055	−0.001
Marital status	Configural	457.942 (320)	0.960	0.953	0.0551	0.032
	Metric	469.414 (335)	0.961	0.956	0.0555	0.031	11.472 (15)	0.718	0.001	0.003	0.0004	−0.001
	Scalar	487.325 (350)	0.960	0.957	0.0601	0.030	17.911 (15)	0.267	−0.001	0.001	0.0046	−0.001
Education	Configural	708.752 (480)	0.936	0.924	0.0888	0.034
	Metric	747.060 (510)	0.934	0.926	0.0896	0.033	38.308 (30)	0.142	−0.002	0.002	0.0008	−0.001
	Scalar	766.150 (540)	0.937	0.933	0.0995	0.031	19.090 (30)	0.938	0.003	0.007	0.0099	−0.002
Tenure	Configural	622.541 (480)	0.959	0.952	0.0632	0.026
	Metric	649.924 (510)	0.960	0.955	0.0628	0.025	27.383 (30)	0.603	0.001	0.003	−0.0004	−0.001
	Scalar	692.258 (540)	0.956	0.954	0.0710	0.026	42.334 (30)	0.067	−0.004	−0.001	0.0082	0.001
Position	Configural	465.503 (320)	0.958	0.950	0.0421	0.033
	Metric	476.517 (335)	0.959	0.954	0.0423	0.032	11.014 (15)	0.752	0.001	0.004	0.0002	−0.001
	Scalar	485.962 (350)	0.961	0.957	0.0436	0.030	9.445 (15)	0.853	0.002	0.003	0.0013	−0.002

Gender coded 0 = male, 1 = female; Age coded 0 = 27 or below, 1 = 28 or above; Marital status coded 0 = unmarried, 1 = married; Education coded 0 = technical college or below, 1 = undergraduate degree, 2 = master’s degree or above; Tenure coded 0 = 3 years or below, 1 = 4–6 years, 2 = 7 years or above; Position coded 0 = general staff, 1 = managerial staff.

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