Table 1 Data description and sources.

From: Nexus between renewable-disaggregated non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth in GCC countries: a Cobb-Douglas production function analysis

Variables

Symbol

Sources

The description

dependent variable

Economic growth

GDP

World Bank

(https://data.worldbank.org)

Gross domestic product constant 2015 US $

independent variables

Coal consumptions

CC

BP statistics

(http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview)

Final Coal consumption measured by Exajoules

Oil consumptions

OC

BP statistics

(http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview)

Final oil consumption measured by Exajoules

Natural gas consumptions

NGC

BP statistics

(http://www.bp.com/statisticalreview)

Final natural gas consumption measured by Exajoules

Renewable energy consumption

RE

World Bank

(https://data.worldbank.org)

Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption)

controlling variables

Capital

K

World Bank

(https://data.worldbank.org)

Gross capital formation (% of GDP)

Labor

L

World Bank

(https://data.worldbank.org)

Total Labor force (people ages 15 and older)

Trade openness

TO

World Bank

(https://data.worldbank.org)

the sum of exports and imports as a share of GDP

Back to article page