Table 8 Unit root tests result.
Variables | CIPS test | Integration Order | CADF test | Integration order | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level | First difference | Level | First difference | |||
lnGDP | −2.094 | −3.288*** | I(1) | −2.064 (0.242) | −2.414* (0.066) | ----- |
lnCC | −2.602*** | ----- | I(0) | −1.666 (0.586) | −4.250*** (0.000) | I(0) |
lnOC | −2.094 | −3.607*** | I(1) | −2.709** (0.014) | ----- | I(0) |
lnNGC | −2.243** | ----- | I(1) | −1.608 (0.637) | −3.130*** (0.001) | I(1) |
lnRE | −3.117*** | ----- | I(1) | −2.379* (0.077) | ----- | I(1) |
lnK | −2.337** | ----- | I(0) | −2.691** (0.016) | ----- | I(0) |
lnL | −1.595 | −1.373 | I(0) | −4.138*** (0.000) | ----- | I(0) |
lnTO | −2.041 | −4.723*** | I(1) | −2.041 (0.258) | −3.850*** (0.000) | I(1) |
lnPOPU | −2.357** | ----- | I(0) | −4.363 (0.000) | ----- | I(0) |
