Table 9 Cointegration tests results.

From: Nexus between renewable-disaggregated non-renewable energy consumption and economic growth in GCC countries: a Cobb-Douglas production function analysis

Kao

 

Statistic

p-value

Modified D-F t

−3.1251***

0.0009

D-F t

−2.3865***

0.0085

Augmented D- t

−3.3577***

0.0004

Unadjusted modified D- t

−2.7319***

0.0031

Unadjusted D-F t

−2.2764**

0.0114

Pedroni

 Modified P-P t

3.5364***

0.0002

 P-P t

2.1701**

0.0150

 Augmented D-F t

1.6246*

0.0521

Westerlund

 Variance ratio

0.6639

0.2534

  1. ***, **, and * denotes the significance levels at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively.
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