Table 4 Control variable.

From: The relationship between FDI quality, new quality productivity forces, and economic resilience in China’s Yangtze River Delta region: insights from an empirical spatial Durbin model

Primary indicators

Secondary indicators

Tertiary indicators

Control variable

(Control)

Employment level of the whole society (SEL)

Number of employed population/permanent resident population at the end of the year

Government support level (GOV)

General public service expenditure/GDP

Financial development level (FIN)

Balance of deposits and loans of financial institutions/GDP

Urbanization level (URB)

Urban population/permanent resident population at the end of the year

Marketization level (MAR)

Marketization index

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