Table 2 Evaluation index system of the listed CBEC company’s development.

From: Empowering China’s cross-border e-commerce: high-quality development explored through fsQCA

First-level index

Second-level index

Third-level index

Index description

Calculation formula

Financial performance evaluation of listed firms

Profitability

Return on equity (ROE)

Positive

Net profit/shareholder’s equity

Return on assets (ROA)

Positive

Net profit/total assets

Return on invested capital (ROIC)

Positive

NOPAT/invested capital

Operational capability

Accounts receivable turnover

Positive

Net sales/average accounts receivable

Inventory turnover

Positive

Net sales/average current assets

Total asset turnover

Positive

Net sales/average total assets

Growth capability

Total asset growth rate

Positive

(Total assetsend − total assetsstart)/total assetsstart

Revenue growth rate

Positive

(Revenueend − revenuestart)/revenuestart

Sustainable growth rate

Positive

ROE*(retained earnings/total assets)

Debt repayment capability

Current ratio

Moderation

Current assets/current liabilities

Quick ratio

Moderation

Current assets-inventory/current liabilities

Debt-to-assets ratio

Moderation

Total liabilities/total assets

  1. Note: Positive indicators represent metrics where larger values indicate better outcomes, while moderation indicators represent metrics where values closer to an optimal range indicate better outcomes.