Table 4 Potential function and normalized formula of the swallowtail model.
From: Empowering China’s cross-border e-commerce: high-quality development explored through fsQCA
Catastrophe model | Potential function | Normalized formula |
|---|---|---|
Swallowtail model | \({\rm{f}}(x)=\frac{1}{5}{x}^{5}+\frac{1}{3}a{x}^{3}+\frac{1}{2}b{x}^{2}+{cx}\) | \({x}_{a}={\left|a\right|}^{\frac{1}{2}},{x}_{b}={\left|b\right|}^{\frac{1}{3}},{x}_{c}={\left|c\right|}^{\frac{1}{4}}\) |
