Table 3 Panel unit root test.

From: Analyzing the impact of financial development, human capital and industrial structure on ecological footprints: a PMG-ARDL approach

Variables

CADF test

CIPS Test

Level

Δ

Level

Δ

LnEF

−2.016***

−3.525***

−1.646

−4.729***

LnFD

−2.205**

−3.977***

−2.001

−4.819***

LnHC

−2.274***

−3.988***

−2.399***

−4.500

LnREC

−1.669

−2.207***

−1.235

−2.221**

LnIS

−2.429***

−3.901***

−2.392***

−4.757***

LnGDP

−1.796

−2.471***

−2.156**

−3.073***

LnGDP2

−1.838

−3.323***

−1.443

−4.098***

  1. Source: Author’s computation.
  2. Note: **p < 0.10, ***p < 0.01. Δ shows the first difference.
Back to article page