Fig. 1: Standardized effects of conventional parallel-process latent growth curve model (Conventional PP-LGCM) of youths’ educational expectations and science performance (Model 2).

Note. For model fit, CFI = 0.997, RMSEA = 0.049, SRMR = 0.018. InpEdExp = Intercept Factor of Youths’ Educational Expectations; SlpEdExp= Slope Factor of Youths’ Educational Expectations; InpScPef= Intercept Factor of Youths’ Science Performance; SlpScPef= Slope Factor of Youths’ Science Performance. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.