Table 2 Carbon resilience evaluation indicator system.

From: How can China’s manufacturing industry achieve better development? A carbon resilience perspective based on the system GMM model

Level 1 indicators

Level 2 indicators

Literature source

Data sources

Stability

Total energy consumed

(Beraud et al., 2022)

China Economic Network database

Carbon dioxide emissions

(Beraud et al., 2022)

CSMAR

Number of industrial waste gas treatment facilities

(Beraud et al., 2022)

CSMAR

Operation cost of industrial waste gas treatment facilities

(Beraud et al., 2022)

CSMAR

Adaptability

Rate of change in carbon dioxide emissions

(Eaton et al., 2020)

CSMAR

Rate of change of green patent references

(Eaton et al., 2020)

CSMAR

Evolvability

Low-carbon development system development

(Cheng et al., 2022)

Industry association website disclosure of policy documents

Low-carbon development strategic planning

(Cheng et al., 2022)

Industry association website disclosed industry trends