Table 4 Opacity causal actions and synchrony among away expedition supporters in specific games.

From: “Together in suffering, truly in trouble” – a study of cultural rituals in ultras supporters based on identity fusion theory

Item

5

4

3

2

1

Opacity causal actions:

     

Despite not knowing before the match whether the team will secure the second-tier AFC Champions League qualification, I will still be determined to travel with the team to Qingdao for the away match.

     

Even though I don’t know whether the team will secure the second tier of the AFC Champions League before the match, I will still give my all to support the team in Qingdao (e.g., singing and dancing for the whole 90 min)

     

Synchrony:

     

Although in Qingdao, we are small in number, I will still follow the instructions of the shout leader with the members of the organization and agree on a consistent cheering action (e.g., songs, gestures, flags)

     

During the away game against Qingdao, I showed a high degree of solidarity with the supporter organization I belonged to and faced external challenges together.

     
Back to article page