Table 1 Corporate digital transformation index system.

From: Enterprise digital transformation and inefficient investment: from the perspective of diversified operations and environmental uncertainty

Tier 1 indicator

Tier 2 indicator

Tier 3 indicator

Digital transformation

Strategic guidance

Establishment of digital leadership positions

Foresight in digital innovation orientation

Sustainability of digital innovation orientation

Breadth of digital innovation orientation

Intensity of digital innovation orientation

Technological enablement

Artificial intelligence technology

Blockchain technology

Cloud computing technology

Big data technology

Organizational empowerment

Digital capital investment plan

Digital workforce investment plan

Digital infrastructure construction

Sci-tech innovation base development

Environmental support

Digital technology intensity in CSRC industry

Digital capital intensity in CSRC industry

Human capital intensity in industry

Patent count in national economic industry

R&D activities in national economic industry

New product development & sales in industry

Fiber optic cable density in host city

Mobile switch capacity in host city

Internet broadband subscribers in host city

Mobile internet users in host city

Digital achievements

Digital innovation standards

Digital innovation publications

Digital invention patents

Digital innovation certifications

Digital national awards

Digital applications

Technological innovation

Process innovation

Business innovation