Table 1 Descriptive statistics.
From: The dual-track paradox in social welfare—a layered governance perspective
Variable | Variable Type | Observations | Mean / Distribution | Std. Dev. | Min | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Life Stress Index | Continuous | 9258 | 0.212 | 0.194 | 0 | 1 |
Social Security Participation Index | Continuous | 9260 | 0.242 | 0.221 | 0 | 1 |
Gift-Giving Behavior | Categorical | 9260 | 0: 94.18%, 1: 5.82% | N/A | 0 | 1 |
Success Rate of Gift-Giving | Continuous | 9260 | 0.048 | 0.212 | 0 | 1 |
Interpersonal Trust Index | Continuous | 9260 | 6.691 | 2.170 | 1 | 10 |
Government Trust Index | Continuous | 9260 | 3.107 | 0.891 | 1 | 4 |
Public-Private Employment Sector | Categorical | 3958 | 0: 72.01%, 1: 27.99% | N/A | 0 | 1 |
Fairness Perception Index | Continuous | 9260 | 6.990 | 2.070 | 1 | 10 |
Marital Status | Categorical | 9258 | 2.114 | 0.850 | 1 | 6 |
Hukou Type | Categorical | 9225 | 0: 65.26%, 1: 34.74% | N/A | 0 | 1 |
Sex | Categorical | 9260 | 0: 44.52%, 1: 55.48% | N/A | 0 | 1 |
Age | Continuous | 9260 | 46.818 | 14.396 | 18 | 70 |
Region | Categorical | 9260 | 1: 33.28%, 2: 34.64%, 3: 32.08% | N/A | 1 | 3 |
Education Level | Continuous | 9253 | 3.809 | 2.147 | 1 | 9 |
Local Socioeconomic Status | Categorical | 9260 | 1: 20.85%, 2: 31.53%, 3: 25.47%, 4: 15.24%, 5: 6.91% | N/A | 1 | 5 |
