Table 3 Social security participation and life stress.
From: The dual-track paradox in social welfare—a layered governance perspective
Variable | Model 1 (Baseline) | Model 2 (With Institutional Employment) | Model 3 (With Urban-Rural Interaction) |
|---|---|---|---|
Social Security Index | −0.037*** | −0.012 | |
Public-Private Employment Sector | −0.009 | ||
Rural vs. Urban Social Security Index Interaction | −0.004 (Rural) | ||
Urban Hukou | −0.033*** | −0.021*** | −0.065*** (Urban) |
Marital Status: First Marriage | 0.047*** | 0.044*** | 0.051*** |
Marital Status: Remarriage | 0.063*** | 0.050*** | 0.058*** |
Marital Status: Divorced | 0.077*** | 0.071*** | 0.062*** |
Marital Status: Widowed | 0.053*** | 0.047** | 0.044*** |
Marital Status: Cohabiting | 0.007 | −0.050* | 0.002 |
Age | −0.0004* | −0.001 | −0.0002 |
Education Level (2) | −0.044*** | −0.037 | −0.044*** |
Education Level (3) | −0.082*** | −0.061*** | −0.079*** |
Education Level (4) | −0.105*** | −0.088*** | −0.096*** |
Education Level (5) | −0.105*** | −0.092*** | −0.102*** |
Education Level (6) | −0.120*** | −0.100*** | −0.122*** |
Education Level (7) | −0.128*** | −0.103*** | −0.119*** |
Education Level (8) | −0.149*** | −0.124*** | −0.133*** |
Education Level (9) | −0.151*** | −0.118*** | −0.128*** |
Region: Central | 0.039*** | 0.031*** | 0.036*** |
Region: West | 0.047*** | 0.040*** | 0.045*** |
Sex: Male | −0.015*** | −0.017*** | −0.021*** |
Local Socioeconomic Status (2) | −0.053*** | −0.058*** | −0.053*** |
Local Socioeconomic Status (3) | −0.111*** | −0.111*** | −0.111*** |
Local Socioeconomic Status (4) | −0.125*** | −0.115*** | −0.125*** |
Local Socioeconomic Status (5) | −0.142*** | −0.163*** | −0.143*** |
Constant | 0.325*** | 0.325*** | 0.320*** |
