Table 1 Steps for data preprocessing and cleaning.

From: Green credit risk identification and anti-corruption measures under the application of the multi-layer deep network

Serial Number

Step

Method

1

Missing value processing

Interpolation

2

Outlier detection and handling

Delete or correct outliers

3

Data standardization

Normalization

4

Processing of duplicate data

Delete duplicate data points

5

Format standardization

Including date format, number format, etc.

  1. Source: Adapted from Udeagha and Muchapondwa (2023).
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