Table 2 Policy instrument classification pilot survey results.

From: Hiding behind the curtain: performance information and public officials’ policy instrument preferences in visible and invisible domains

Pilot survey

Policy instrument

Participants who correctly distinguished between direct and indirect instruments

N

%

Pilot 1 (n = 30)

Direct/Indirect

28

93.3%

Pilot 2 (n = 30)

Regulation

28

93.3%

Administrative Guidance

27

90.0%

Technology Consultant & Education Training

26

86.7%

Direct Production of Public Goods

30

100.0%

Administrative Special Permission

28

93.3%

Information Provision

29

96.7%

Subsidy

28

93.3%

Charges

29

96.7%

Tax Reduction

29

96.7%

Outsourcing

30

100.0%