Table 9 Estimated results of resources-based cities and non-resources-based cities in China.

From: Urban land supply strategies and carbon emissions in China: from the perspective of land-based fiscal revenue and land-based investment

Variables

Resources-based cities

Non-resources-based cities

Direct effect

Indirect effect

Total effect

Direct effect

Indirect effect

Total effect

LF

0.010*** (0.003)

0.036** (0.015)

0.045*** (0.014)

0.006** (0.003)

0.036 (0.027)

0.042 (0.027)

LI

0.006*** (0.001)

0.014 (0.012)

0.020* (0.012)

0.003*** (0.001)

0.002 (0.014)

0.005 (0.014)

FD

0.135*** (0.039)

0.231 (0.272)

0.365 (0.281)

0.021 (0.027)

−0.526 (0.505)

−0.502** (0.511)

ER

−0.001*** (0.0002)

−0.002 (0.007)

−0.003 (0.007)

0.004*** (0.001)

−0.104*** (0.023)

−0.100*** (0.023)

UR

−0.001** (0.001)

−0.016 (0.011)

−0.017 (0.011)

−0.0004 (0.0004)

0.060*** (0.021)

0.059** (0.021)

FIN

−0.042*** (0.009)

0.426*** (0.063)

0.384*** (0.063)

−0.051*** (0.010)

0.433*** (0.142)

0.383*** (0.142)

Control variables

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

Y

R2

0.918

0.919

0.919

0.923

0.923

0.923

Spatial

−0.517*** (0.150)

−0.455*** (0.146)

−0.455*** (0.146)

0.320*** (0.093)

0.320*** (0.093)

0.320*** (0.093)

Obs

1680

1680

1680

2580

2580

2580

  1. *, **, and *** indicate statistical significance at 10%, 5%, and 1%, respectively. Standard errors in brackets.
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