Table 3 ANOVA main effects, interaction effects, and post-hoc comparisons table of all study variables.

From: Shame and guilt in Arab populations: validation of PFQ-2 and the mediating role of psychological distress

Measure/Effect

Sum of Squares

df

Mean Square

F

p

Comparison

Mean Difference

SE

t

p (Tukey)

Guilt

          

Gender

114.361

1

114.361

4.214

0.041

Female vs. Male

1.844

0.898

2.053

0.041

Country

160.232

1

160.232

5.904

0.016

Libya vs. UAE

2.182

0.898

2.430

0.016

Gender ✻ Country

120.237

1

120.237

4.431

0.036

Female Libya vs. Male UAE

4.026

1.504

2.677

0.039

Residuals

7517.035

277

27.137

       

Shame

          

Gender

0.329

1

0.329

0.008

0.927

Female vs. Male

-

-

-

-

Country

256.055

1

256.055

6.468

0.012

Libya vs. UAE

2.759

1.085

2.543

0.012

Gender ✻ Country

25.268

1

25.268

0.638

0.425

Female Libya vs. Male UAE

-

-

-

-

Residuals

10965.039

277

39.585

       

Resilience

          

Gender

124.778

1

56.015

2.450

0.119

-

-

-

-

-

Country

56.015

1

124.778

5.458

0.020

- Female - Male

−1.926

0.824

−2.336

0.020

Gender ✻ Country

10.341

1

10.341

0.452

0.502

-

-

-

-

-

Residuals

6333.079

277

22.863

       

Extrinsic Religious Practices

          

Gender

2.110

1

2.110

0.123

0.726

-

-

-

-

-

Country

63.219

1

63.219

3.691

0.056

-

-

-

-

-

Gender ✻ Country

23.628

1

23.628

1.379

0.241

-

-

-

-

-

Residuals

4744.651

277

17.129

       

Intrinsic Religious Beliefs

          

Gender

12.951

1

12.951

5.378

0.021

Female - Male

−0.620

0.268

−2.319

0.021

Country

8.557

1

8.557

3.553

0.060

Libya - UAE

0.504

0.268

1.885

0.060

Gender ✻ Country

0.015

1

0.015

0.006

0.937

-

-

-

-

-

Residuals

667.082

277

2.408

       

Depression

          

Country

49.673

1

49.673

8.215

0.004

Libya vs. UAE

1.215

0.424

2.866

0.004

Gender

3.335

1

3.335

0.552

0.458

-

-

-

-

-

Gender ✻ Country

22.307

1

22.307

3.689

0.056

Libya Female vs. UAE Female

0.401

0.391

1.024

0.735

      

Libya Female vs. Libya Male

−0.499

0.374

−1.336

0.541

      

Libya Female vs. UAE Male

1.530

0.710

2.155

0.139

      

UAE Female vs. Libya Male

−0.900

0.464

−1.942

0.213

      

UAE Female vs. UAE Male

1.129

0.761

1.484

0.449

      

Libya Male vs. UAE Male

2.029

0.752

2.698

0.037

Residuals

1674.940

277

6.047

       

Anxiety

          

Country

32.285

1

32.285

4.450

0.036

Libya vs. UAE

0.980

0.464

2.109

0.036

Gender

21.501

1

21.501

2.963

0.086

-

-

-

-

-

Gender ✻ Country

12.154

1

12.154

1.675

0.197

-

-

-

-

-

Residuals

2009.816

277

7.256

       

Stress

          

Country

18.212

1

18.212

8.342

0.004

Libya vs. UAE

0.736

0.255

2.888

0.004

Gender

10.455

1

10.455

4.789

0.029

Female vs. Male

0.557

0.255

2.188

0.029

Gender ✻ Country

6.893

1

6.893

3.157

0.077

-

-

-

-

-

Residuals

604.772

277

2.183

       
  1. Type III Sum of Squares.
  2. Results for stress post hoc comparisons are averaged over the levels of Country and Gender.
  3. Results for anxiety post hoc comparisons are averaged over the levels of Country.
  4. Results depressions are averaged over the levels of Country and Gender ✻ Country.
  5. Results intrinsic religious believe are averaged over the levels of Gender.
  6. P-value adjusted for comparing a family of 4.
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