Table 7 OLS regression results on future time orientation (N = 334).

From: College students’ identity differences in offline and online learning environment and their effects on achievement motivation

Category

DV: Future time orientation

Coefficient (robust st. err.)

Model 1

(Baseline)

Model 2

(OLE)

Model 3

(OLE interaction)

Covariates

gender

0.00408

(0.0626)

0.00513

0(.0626)

-0.00549

(0.0611)

age

0.00515

(0.0093)

0.00557

(0.0094)

0.00489

(0.0091)

naca_hr

0.00008

(0.0002)

0.00009

(0.0002)

0.00011

(0.0002)

aca_hr

0.00042†

(0.0002)

0.00042†

(0.0002)

0.00046†

(0.0002)

In-dependent variables

OLE

 

−0.02269

(0.0742)

0.35425

(0.5289)

agency

0.70881***

(0.0623)

0.71011***

(0.0621)

0.75810***

(0.0722)

self-acceptance

0.04228

(0.1482)

0.04438

(0.1499)

−0.03481

(0.1788)

goal-directedness

−0.04126

(0.0786)

−0.03675

(0.0778)

−0.07916

(0.1017)

proactivity

0.01314

(0.0965)

−

(0.0981)

0.15373

(0.1402)

interpersonal relation

−0.02384

(0.0837)

−0.02425

(0.084)

−0.03874

(0.0842)

Moderation of OLE

agency*OLE

  

−0.14032

(0.1448)

self-acceptance*OLE

  

0.30118

(0.3231)

goal-directedness*OLE

  

0.02922

(0.1648)

proactivity*OLE

  

−0.32437

(0.2066)

interpersonal relation*OLE

  

0.02209

(0.2369)

 

constant

1.10922***

(0.3049)

1.09323***

(0.3098)

0.91079*

(0.3564)

 

R2

0.3451

0.3453

0.3547

  1. Robust standard errors in parentheses.
  2. OLE in interaction term: 0=offline, 1=online.
  3. Statistical significance: ***p ≤ 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05, †p < 0.1.
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