Fig. 5: Meridional distribution of interannual trends in (a–e) atmospheric stability (AS, unit: K) and (f–j) total column water vapor (TCWV, unit: kg m-2) over individual ocean basins (1998–2019).
From: Increasing temporal stability of global tropical cyclone precipitation
a, f Western North Pacific (WNP): 100°E–180°, July–October; b, g Eastern North Pacific (ENP): 180–90°W, July–September; c, h North Atlantic (NA): 90–10°W, August–October; d, i South Indian Ocean (SIO): 30–130°E, January–March; and e, j South Pacific (SP): 130°E–120°W, January–March. The trends of environment variables (solid lines), averaged over peak TC seasons and smoothed using a three-point smoother, are restricted to a latitudinal range of 5–20° at 2.5° intervals, based on the ERA5 dataset. Solid dots indicate statistical significance at the 95% confidence level, while hollow dots represent nonsignificance. The histogram indicates the interannual trends of TC convective RR RI (red bar) and RD (blue bar) events during peak TC seasons. These trends are calculated across 5° latitudinal bins using the TMPA dataset. The error bars in the histogram indicate the standard error of the linear trend in each 5° latitudinal bin.
