Fig. 5: Pacemaker Experiments and AMIP model simulations.
From: Atlantic multidecadal variability controls Arctic-ENSO connection
Differences of a SLP (unit: hPa), b 500-hPa geopotential height (unit: m), and wave activity flux (unit: m2 s−2) between the negative and positive AMV phases in observations. Stippling regions indicate differences that are significantly different from zero at the 95% confidence level. c The spring AMV index for the ensemble mean of the North Atlantic Pacemaker experiments. The differences of d SLP, e 500-hPa geopotential height, and wave activity flux between negative and positive AMV phases for the ensemble mean of the North Atlantic Pacemaker experiments. f The differences of the spring SLP between 1993 and 2004 and 1979 and 88 for the ensemble mean of 30 CMIP6 AMIP experiments. Stippling regions in (d–f) indicate the differences are significant at the 95% confidence level. g Climatology of spring SLP average over 40°–60°N, 150°E–120°W during 1993–2004 and 1979–88 obtained from the 30 CMIP6 AMIP experiments. Multi-model mean (MME) of the 30 models is also shown in (g). Error bars denote 1.0 standard deviation of the 10,000 inter-realizations of the bootstrap test (see “Materials and Methods” section).
