Table 2 TAM-targeted GBM treatment approaches
From: Exploring tumor-associated macrophages in glioblastoma: from diversity to therapy
Treatment Name | Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|
Cathepsin B-responsive delivery system | Induces M1 polarization via Cathepsin B response, activating anti-tumor immunity | |
Dual-targeted delivery system (Disulfiram/Cu and Regorafenib) | Acts on both GBM cells and TAMs, promoting TAM polarization and enhancing chemotherapy efficacy | |
Nano-DOX | Releases DOX in TAMs, triggering DAMPs and promoting M1 phenotype shift | |
pH-responsive multi-layered delivery system | Selectively releases drugs in acidic environments, enhancing Temozolomide efficacy | |
Glycopolymer nanoparticle-based delivery system | Modulates TAM polarization, reducing immunosuppression, activating T-cells and dendritic cells | |
Lipid-conjugated haloperidol delivery system | Targets GBM cells and TAMs via σ receptors, inhibiting immunosuppressive factors | |
DNA nanocages | Uses DNA nanocages as drug carriers, successfully penetrating the BBB | |
Iontronic pump system | Precisely releases gemcitabine locally, supporting TAM-targeted combination therapy | |
PAMAM dendrimer-based dual-targeted system | Not directly targeting TAMs but shows enhanced tumor targeting potential | |
Q702 | Multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reducing M2 TAM and MDSC infiltration | |
CCR2 inhibitor | Inhibits CCR2 receptor, reducing TAM recruitment, showing synergistic anti-tumor effects | |
K284 | Disrupts CHI3L1 and IL-13Rα2 binding, inhibiting tumor progression | |
Eganelisib | Reprograms TAM phenotype, promoting T cell infiltration and anti-tumor response | |
Targeted protein degraders (TPDs) for MERTK | Utilizes ubiquitin-proteasome system to selectively degrade MERTK, reducing immunosuppression | |
Galectin-3 binding proteins or mimetic peptides | Disrupts CHI3L1-Galectin-3 binding, reversing immunosuppression in the TME | |
CD133-CAR-M hydrogel delivery system | Nanocarrier-hydrogel composite delivers CD133-CAR genes to macrophages for targeting GBM stem cells | |
H19-IRP | Promotes transcription of CCL2 and Galectin-9 through H19-IRP, recruiting MDSCs and TAMs | |
NSUN5 | Introduces m5C modification, enhancing TAM phagocytic activity against tumor cells | |
Siglec-9 blocker | Blocks Siglec-9, increasing T cell activity and enhancing cytotoxicity | |
TGFBI | Activates integrin αvβ5-Src-Stat3 signaling pathway, supporting GSC proliferation |
