Fig. 4: The relationship between the CRCO-sleep misalignment level and the PHQ-9 score.

a The average CRCO-sleep misalignment level and average PHQ-9 score within each participant are positively correlated. b–g The average CRCO-sleep misalignment level was also positively correlated with the average scores of six subitems from PHQ-9 questionnaires. Here, the average misalignment was computed using data from two weeks before the completion of the questionnaire. The PHQ-9 score and scores of its six subitems were binned by the average CRCO-sleep misalignment level. Bin edges were computed every 30 min, and the mean and standard error of the mean of scores were plotted against the midpoint of each bin. The line and shaded region represent the best-fitted line and the corresponding 95% confidence band, respectively, obtained by applying linear least squares regression to the binned data. b, ρ, and p denote the beta estimate, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and p-value, respectively. A two-tailed Wald t-test was used to compute p-values.