Fig. 5: Bladder volume estimation.
From: Digital twin driven electrode optimization for wearable bladder monitoring via bioimpedance
a An assortment of the bladder meshes used in simulation. The 144 mL bladder was segmented from radiological data and served as the base geometry other volumes were designed from. b Modified Bland Altman plot showing the relative volume errors for volumes ≥100 mL. c Measurement frames selected by LASSO voltage change from a 10 mL bladder volume baseline.
