Table 1 Common sources of data
From: A quantitative analysis of the use of anonymization in biomedical research
Name | Country | Description |
|---|---|---|
Cerner Corporation (Cerner) | US | Supplier of health information technology platforms acquired by Oracle in 2022. Offers access to longitudinal electronic health record data59,67. |
Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) | UK | Funded by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency and the National Institute for Health and Care Research. Offers primary care data from general practices60. |
Flatiron Health (Flatiron) | US | A healthcare technology company focusing on cancer care and research. Offers real-world cancer care data68,69. |
IBM Watson Health (IBM) | US | A former division of IBM focusing on medical research and healthcare solutions acquired by Francisco Partners in 2022. Offers multiple datasets including IBM Explorys with routine healthcare data70,71. |
Institute for Applied Health Research Berlin (InGef) | DE | Research institute connected to statutory health insurances through its owners. Provides anonymized claims data from multiple German health insurances72. |
IQVIA | US | Global provider of health information and clinical research services. Offers real-world data, including electronic health records (EHR) and claims data73. |
National Prescribing Service – MedicineWise (NPS) | AU | Funded by the Australian Government. Offers routinely collected health records to improve the surveillance of medicine use and primary care in Australia61. |
Optum Incorporated (Optum) | US | A healthcare company. Offers various datasets including administrative data, claims data, and electronic health records74. |
Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank (SAIL) | UK | Funded by the Welsh Government. Offers health and census datasets46. |
South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust (SLaM NHS) | UK | Funded by the UK’s National Health Service (NHS). Offers mental health data47. |
TriNetX | US | A company focusing on real-world evidence generation by establishing a global network of healthcare organizations and life sciences companies. Offers access to longitudinal electronic health record and insurance data75. |
Vanderbilt University Medical Center (VUMC) | US | Funded by Vanderbilt University. The Synthetic Derivative mirrors Vanderbilt’s electronic health record system and can be combined with samples from Vanderbilt’s BioVU biobank for genome-phenome analysis39,76. |
