Table 1 Characteristics of the healthy female cohort

From: Artificial intelligence-derived retinal age gap as a marker for reproductive aging in women

 

All

High AMH

Medium AMH

Low AMH

P

Number of images

2560

633

1294

633

 

Number of participants

1294

320

654

320

 

Chronological age, years

37.09 (4.87)

37.19 (4.89)

37.05 (4.88)

37.08 (4.82)

0.912

AMH, ng/mL

1.91 [0.85, 3.50]

4.66 [3.38, 6.06]

1.96 [1.22, 2.88]

0.58 [0.20, 1.02]

<0.001

BMI, kg/m²

22.80 (3.36)

22.86 (3.44)

22.72 (3.35)

22.88 (3.31)

0.737

SBP, mmHg

112.97 (13.68)

113.36 (13.18)

113.08 (13.80)

112.33 (13.94)

0.605

DBP, mmHg

68.56 (9.88)

68.88 (9.91)

68.58 (9.94)

68.19 (9.72)

0.674

FPG, mmol/L

5.41 (0.71)

5.40 (0.67)

5.38 (0.62)

5.47 (0.88)

0.214

Smoking status, No. (%)

 Never

1290 (99.7)

319 (99.7)

652 (99.7)

319 (99.7)

1.000

 Former/current

4 (0.3)

1 (0.3)

2 (0.3)

1 (0.3)

 

Drinking status, No. (%)

 Never

1272 (98.3)

313 (97.8)

647 (98.9)

312 (97.5)

0.173

 Former/current

22 (1.7)

7 (2.2)

7 (1.1)

8 (2.5)

 

Marriage, No. (%)

 Unmarried

60 (4.6)

13 (4.1)

32 (4.9)

15 (4.7)

0.923

 Married

1231 (95.1)

306 (95.6)

621 (95.0)

304 (95.0)

 

 Divorce

3 (0.2)

1 (0.3)

1 (0.2)

1 (0.3)

 

Childbirth number

1.20 (0.57)

1.16 (0.53)

1.20 (0.58)

1.24 (0.57)

0.149

Pregnancy number

1.37 (0.73)

1.36 (0.77)

1.36 (0.73)

1.42 (0.71)

0.476

First childbirth age, years

27.28 (2.99)

27.42 (3.01)

27.45 (3.03)

26.79 (2.87)

0.003

First pregnancy age, years

26.85 (2.94)

27.02 (2.93)

27.01 (3.04)

26.36 (2.71)

0.003

  1. Smoking, drinking, and marriage statuses are presented as counts and percentages (n, %). P-value from ANOVA or X2 is used to compare females of different AMH levels, with statistical significance indicated by P < 0.05, as shown in bold.
  2. BMI Body Mass Index, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, FPG Fasting Plasma Glucose and other normally distributed variables are expressed as mean (SD).
  3. Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH), which is not normally distributed, is described by the median and interquartile range (IQR).
  4. The bold values indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05).