Table 2 Overview of neural function-based studies for CI outcome prediction

Lu et al.²³

Stability selection method to select robust features from averaged audiological and radiographic data; Children with cochlear nerve deficiency with anatomically normal cochlea = 70 mean age of 27.31 months (SD = 13.92 months)

Categories of auditory performance, speech intelligibility rating, infant/toddler meaningful auditory integration scale;

SVM: Accuracy

Hearing rehabilitation = 71%

Speech rehabilitation = 93%

Nerve bundle volume and a larger vestibulocochlear nerve area correlated with better CI outcomes.

Kyong et al.²²

EEG measures (cAEPs), cSEPs and cVEPs); Adults with CIs= 3

Latency, amplitude, current source density; SVM model

Accuracy:

auditory: 82.71%, tactile: 98.88%, visual: 93.5%

Tactile response was a key indicator of speech recognition ability in individuals with CIs.

Skidmore et al.²⁴

eCAP parameters (N1latency, threshold, slope); Children with cochlear nerve deficiency = 23 mean age= 3.42 years,

children with normal-sized cochlear nerves = 29 mean age=3.18 years, adults with normal-sized cochlear nerves = 20 mean age= 69.22 years

Cochlear nerve index;

Accuracy

Linear regression: 91%, SVM: 93%, and logistic regression: 95%

Models predicted two distinct cochlear nerve index distributions for cochlear nerve deficiency and normal-sized cochlear nerves. In adult CI users, cochlear nerve function correlated with speech perception outcomes.