Fig. 5: Impact of mitochondrial ROS on mtDNA copy number and mutation frequency.

a Mutation load, including de novo and shared variations, per oocyte in L/L and L/L, Cre mice at 3 weeks and 9 months of age. b Variant allele frequencies of de novo mutations and shared variations in L/L and L/L, Cre oocytes from mice aged 3 weeks and 9 months. c Mutation spectra comparison for de novo mutations and shared variations in L/L and L/L, Cre oocytes across the two age groups. d mtDNA copy number quantification in single MII oocytes from L/L and L/L, Cre mice at different ages; data were mean ± SEM, analyzed by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test (*p < 0.05, ****p < 0.0001). e Representative fluorescence images of oocytes from 6-month-old L/L and L/L, Cre mice, labeled with anti-dsDNA (green) and anti-TOMM20 (red) antibodies. f mtDNA copy number semi-quantification with the ratio of yellow to red fluorescence intensity in L/L normal (n = 9), L/L, Cre_normal (n = 5), and L/L, Cre_aberrant (n = 9) oocytes from (e). Data were mean ± SEM and were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.