Fig. 3: Demographic history of Cacajao and genetic diversity in extant populations.

A Maximum likelihood model topologies and estimates for divergence times (depicted by dashed lines) and effective population sizes (depicted by color bars width, ML estimate indicated above confidence interval). Three models summarized in Fig. 3A: (i) bald and black uakaris general model, (ii) bald uakaris model and iii) black uakaris model. Bald and black ancestor Ne estimates were calculated twice: in the general model (a, c) and in the bald (b) and black (d) models respectively. B Genome-wide heterozygosity per population, points depicting individual observations and colored shape its distribution. D, dashed lines indicate mean values per group (bald: plum, black: green).