Fig. 1: Characterization of ER-mitochondrial linkers (EMLs). | Communications Biology

Fig. 1: Characterization of ER-mitochondrial linkers (EMLs).

From: ER-mitochondria distance is a critical parameter for efficient mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and oxidative metabolism

Fig. 1

a A scheme depicting question addressed in this study: what is the distance between ER membrane and OMM for optimal Ca2+ flux? Lipid bilayer, IP3R and VDAC are represented in scale. b Scheme illustrating the design of ER-mitochondrial linkers. TM transmembrane domain, FL flexible linker, RS rigid spacer, ER endoplasmic reticulum, OMM outer mitochondrial membrane, mRFP monomeric red fluorescent protein. c TEM validation of EMLs overexpressed in HeLa cells. Arrows indicate ER membrane adjacent to mitochondria. Scale bar = 500 nm. d Quantification of ER-OMM distance on TEM images. Inset scales up quantified distances and shows the average distance per EML. e Quantification of the length of the interface between ER and mitochondria. One-way ANOVA, Tukey post hoc test, n = 31–178 contacts from at least 15 cells per condition. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001.

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