Fig. 2: Structure of HSEs incorporating the THP-1 cell line.
From: Characterization of macrophages associated with human skin models exposed to UV radiation
A Representative images of H&E-stained HSE, immunocompetent HSE (HSE.THP-1), and native human skin. The blue arrows indicate the stratum basale (SB), and the red arrows highlight the area beneath the epidermis. Scale bar: 100 μm, epidermis (E), dermis (D). B Quantification of cell numbers/mm2 in the area beneath the epidermis in the HSE and HSE.THP-1 samples. C Immunofluorescence staining of epidermal differentiation (red) and tight junction (TJ) markers (green). D Confocal microscopy images showing the expression of the dermal macrophage markers CD68 (red), CD86 (green), and CD163 (green). The black and white dotted lines indicate epidermal-dermal junctions (basement membrane). E–G Quantitation of CD68+, CD86+, and CD163+ cells/mm2 in the dermis. H The M1/M2 ratio (numbers of CD86+ cells/numbers of CD163+ cells) in the dermis. The cell nuclei were counterstained with Hoechst (blue). Photomicrograph scale bar: 50 µm; insets, 20 µm. The data represent the means ± SEMs. Statistical significance is indicated by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001, and ns, not significant (n = 3 per group); unpaired t test.
