Table 1 The list of CPIs and their biological functions in different cancer types

circACTN4 recruiting YBX1 to initiate FZD7 transcription to promote ICC progression

¹¹⁰

circNCOR1 recruits hnRNPL to lymphangiogenesis and LN metastasis of BCa in vivo

⁵³

circMRPS35 recruits KAT7 to suppress GC cells progression

¹¹¹

circ-HuR inhibits CNBP’s binding to HuR promoter, preventing the progression of tum

¹¹²

circRHOT1 recruits TIP60 to initiate NR2F6 expression, which promotes HCC growth and metastasis

¹¹³

circ-CUX1 interacts with EWSR1 to facilitate its interaction with MAZ, inducing tumor progression

¹¹⁴

circCAPRIN1 binds STAT2 to regulate lipid metabolism and facilitates CRC tumorigenesis

¹¹⁵

circRNF10 interacts with DHX15 to sequester DHX15 from NF-κB p65,suppressing BC’s proliferation and migration

²⁸

UPF1/circRPPH1/ATF3 forms a feedback loop to strengthen tumorigenesis of glioma stem cells

³⁰

circFMN2 binds to HuR to represses KLF2 expression, which induces cell proliferation, invasion, and migration

¹¹⁶

has_circ_0062682 binds to YBX1 to promote oncogenesis in HCC

¹¹⁷

ebv-circRPMS1 recruits Sam68 to induce METTL3 expression, resulting in cancer progression

¹¹⁸

circ-DONSON recruits the NURF complex to activate SOX4 transcription, and facilitates GC growth and invasion

¹⁰

has_circ_0101119 recruits EIF4A3 to facilitate cell process, and suppress apoptosis in CC

¹¹⁹

circPSD3 interacts with HDAC1 to inhibit vascular invasion and metastasis in HCC

³¹

circ0005276 interacts with FUS to promote cell proliferation, migration and EMT of PCa

¹²⁰

circ_SIRT1 binds to EIF4A3 and regulates transcription of ATG12,leading to lmatinib resistance in CML

²⁹

circEHD2 interacts with YWHAH to activate transcriptional factor SOX9,which accelerates the growth of RCC

¹²¹

circIPO11 recruits TOP1 to promote the propagation of HCC

²⁷

circSMARCA5 interacts with SRSF1 to induce anti-angiogenic and suppress tumor progression

³⁴

circURI1 inreracts with hnRNPM to promote the process of cell migration and suppressing GC metastasis

³²

circRAPGEF5 interacts with RBFOX2 to promote the formation of TFRC and confer ferroptosis resistance in EC cells, which facilitates rapid proliferation of EC cells

³⁵

circCPSF6 interacts with CPSF6 to promote malignant development of ESCC

¹²²

circRNA_100290 binds to EIF4A3 to inhibit itself formation, leading to suppressed GC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion

¹²³

circPLCE1 binds to SRSF2 protein to repress PLCE1 pre-RNA splicing,which up-regulates CRC

¹²⁴

cytoplasmic circPDIA4 binds to ERK1/2, while circPDIA4 interacts with DHX9 as a decoy in the nucleus, which promotes GC progression

¹²⁵

circMYBL2 recruits PTBP1 to enhance FLT3 kinase expression and promote FLT3-ITD AML progression

¹²⁶

EIF4A3 binds to has_circ_0068631 and c-Myc mRNA to promote BC progression

¹²⁷

circDLC1 interacts with HuR to inhibit MMP1-mediated HCC progression

¹²⁸

circ0008399 unites WTAP to formate the WTAP/METTL3/METTL14 complex to inhibit apoptosis of BCa cells and reduce cisplatin sensitivity in Bca

¹²⁹

exosomal circLPAR1 binds with eIF3h to suppress tumor growth

¹³⁰

circARHGAP29 binds with EIF4A3 and IGF2BP2 to facilitate docetaxel resistance and glycolysis in PC

⁸¹

circMYH9 recruits hnRNPA2B1 and destabilizes the pre-mRNA of p53,inducing tumor growth

¹³¹

circITGB6 interacts with both IGF2BP2 and FGF9 mRNA, inducing cisplatin resistance in OC

⁸⁹

circ-TNPO3 binds to IGF2BP2 and destabilizes SERPINH1 mRNA, suppressing proliferation and migration of ccRCC cells

³⁸

circPTPRA interacts with IGF2BP1 to abolish the promotion of BC cells

⁵⁰

circTICRR interacts with HuR to stabilize GLUD1 mRNA and inhibits CC cells’ autophagy

¹³²

has_circ_0005358 sequesters PTBP1 form stabilizing CDCP1 mRNA,suppressing cancer metastasis

⁵¹

circDCUN1D4 facilitates the interaction between HuR protein and TXNIP mRNA to suppress tumor metastasis and glycolysis

⁵²

circPBX3 interacts with IGF2BP2 to promote cisplatin resistance of OC cells

⁸⁰

circIPO7 binds to caprin-1 to block the caprin-1-G3BP1 interaction, resulting in suppressing GC cell proliferation

¹³³

circUHRF2 promotes the interaction between IGF2BP1 and DDX27 mRNA, which induces CRC stemness and metastasis

¹³⁴

circXRCC5 binds to IGF2BP2 to maintain mRNA stability of CLC3,which ultimately accelerate glioma growth

¹³⁵

circITGB6 interacts with IGF2BP3 and enhances the PDPN mRNA’s stability, which promotes the EMT process

¹³⁶

circPCNX sequesters AUF1 from p21 mRNA to inhibit proliferation in HeLa cells

⁵⁴

circASPH interacts with IGF2BP2 to stabilize its protein level to accelerate CRC progression

¹³⁷

circREOS sequesters HuR from MYC mRNA to inhibit OS

¹³⁸

circABCC4 recruits IGF2BP2 to promote stemness and metastasis of prostate cancer

¹³⁹

circSETD3 interacts with FXR1 and facilitates its binding to ECT2,which inhibits cellular apoptosis

⁸²

FUS interacts with hsa_circ_0006232 and EZH2 and promotes the stabilization of EZH2, which promotes the biological functions of LSCC cells

¹⁴⁰

circRABL2B interacts with YBX1 to suppress lung cancer progression

¹⁴¹

cPKM binds to IGF2BP2 to enhance ICC’s progression and resistance to paclitaxel, leading to vascular collapse

⁷⁷

circXPO1 interacts with IGF2BP1 to enhance the stability of CTNNB1 mRNA to promote LUAD progression

¹⁴²

circKIF4A binds to EIF4A3 to stabilize SDC1 mRNA, resulting in promoting TNBC progression

¹⁴³

circARHGAP5 sequesters AUF1 from BIM mRNA, which induces cisplatin resistance in CSCC

¹⁴⁴

hsa_circ_0074854 knockdown interacts with HuR to reduce its stability, leading to inhibiting HCC cells’ migration and invasion

¹⁴⁵

circ-TNPO3 competes with IGF2BP3 to disrupt its ability to stabilize MYC mRNA, resulting in the inhibition of GC cells

¹⁴⁶

circ-MMP9 binds to AUF1 to increase MMP9 mRNA’s stability, which facilitates OSCC metastasis

¹⁴⁷

circ-0075804 interacts with HNRNPK to increase E2F3 mRNA stability, which promotes RB cells’ proliferation

¹⁴⁸

m6A-modified circRBM33 interacts with FMR1 and sustain the mRNA stability of PDHA1,which promotes PCa progression

¹⁴⁹

circNSUN2 forms a circNSUN2/IGF2BP2/HMGA2 ternary complex to promote CRC metastasis

⁴⁴

circIPO7 binds to YBX1 protein and facilitates its phosphorylation to promote NPC metastasis and cisplatin chemoresistance

⁵⁶

circSPARC recruits FUS and facilitates STAT3’s nuclear translocation, which promotes CRC cell migration and proliferation

⁵⁷

has_circ_0005050 interacts with ILF3 to facilitate its translocation to cytoplasm, leading to cell apoptosis and proliferation

¹⁵⁰

circTBC1D14 can promote the interaction between FUS and LAMP1,promoting tumor progression in TNBC

¹⁵¹

circHIF1A/NFIB/FUS forms a positive feedback loop to promote TNBC growth and metastasis

³⁹

hsa_circ_0067842 interacts with HuR to promote the migration and invasion of BC cells

⁵⁵

circ-ABCC1 interacts with β-catenin to facilitate CRC progression and metastasis

¹⁵²

circ_GRHPR interacts with PCBP2 to promote NSCLC proliferation and invasion

¹⁵³

circIMMP2L interacts with CtBP1 and facilitates its nuclear retention in the nucleus, which promotes ESCC’s progression

¹⁵⁴

circEML4 interacts with ALKBH5 to reduce its distribution in the nucleus, resulting in promoting the NSCLC progression

¹⁵⁵

m6A-modified circTET2 interacts with HNRNPC and restricts its transportation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, which promotes the proliferation of CLL

¹⁵⁶

circAGO2 facilitates HuR’s translocation from the nucleus to cytoplasm, leading to the promotion of tumorigenesis

¹⁵⁷

circRNA-CREIT interacts with DHX9 to induce a lower expression and worse prognosis of patients

¹⁵⁸

circEIF3I binds both SMAD3 and AP2A1 and promote PDAC progression

¹⁰⁶

circNFIB binds to MEK1 to inhibit ICC growth and metastasis

⁵⁹

circLIFR interacts with MSH2 to mediate cisplatin(CDDP) sensitivity in BCa cells

⁹²

circCYP24A1 interacts with PKM2 to increase CCL5 secretion, which promotes the proliferation ability and tumor growth

¹⁵⁹

circGNG7 binds to HSP27 to hinder its phosphorylation, which inhibits tumor cell proliferation, colony formation

¹⁶⁰

circPTK2 binds to vimentin protein to promote EMT of CRC cells

¹⁶¹

circGSK3β sequesters GSK3β from β-catenin to promote ESCC cell metastasis

¹⁶²

circ-GLI1 interacts with p70S6K2 to promote metastasis in melanoma

¹⁶³

circPDK1 enhances the interaction between UBE20 and B1N1 to induce PC proliferation, migration,and glycolysis

¹⁶⁴

circPOLR2A interacts with both UBE3C and PEBP1 proteins to accelerate the proliferation, migration and angiogenesis of cRCC cells

¹⁶⁵

circNDUFB2 enhances the interaction between TRIM25 and IGF2BPs to promote NSCLC progression and metastasis

⁴⁵

circARHGAP10 enhances the interaction between TRIM25 and MAT2A to induce cisplatin resistance in BCa cells

⁹⁵

circPFKFB4 interacts with CRL4DDB2 E3 ubiquitin ligase to promote the proliferation of BC cells

¹⁶⁶

circCDR1as binds to SRSF1 to mediate PM2.5-induced lung cancer progression.

¹⁶⁷

circSCL38A1 could interact with and stabilize ILF3 to promote BCa cell invasion and lung metastasis

¹⁶⁸

circMTCL1 recruits C1QBP protein to accelerate its translation and promote tumor cell proliferation invasion and migration

¹⁶⁹

circCDYL2 binds both GRB7 and FAK protein to promote drug resistance of HER2 BC cells

¹⁰¹

circRNA-SORE binds to YBX1 and blocks its degradation, inducing sorafenib resistance in HCC

⁸³

circNEIL3 interacts with YBX1 and promotes its degradation to inhibit tumor metastasis

¹⁷⁰

hypoxia-induced circWSB1 competitively binds to USP10,resulting in degradation of p53 and BC progression

¹⁷¹

circSKA3 binds to SLUG to promote EMT to accelerate CRC metastasis

¹⁷²

circRNA-SFMBT2 recruits RNF181 to ERα to enhance ERα stability, leading to tumor progression

¹⁷³

O-GlcNAcylation of LARP1 enhances its binding to circCLNS1A and facilitates HB progression

¹⁷⁴

circNFATC3 binds to IGF2BP3 and restricts its ubiquitination to promote the proliferation of GC

⁶⁵

circSKA3 binds to β-catenin and protects them from ubiquitinated degradation, which promotes CRC progression

¹⁷⁵

circAFF2 binds CAND1, enhancing its interaction with Cullin1 and inhibiting neddylation, impacting CRC radiosensitivity

⁶⁸

circTLCD4-RWDD3 interacts and induces hnRNPA2B1 SUMOylation to promote lymphatic metastasis of NSCLC

⁷¹

circSPIRE1 binds both ELAVL1 and mRNA to suppress metastasis of RCC

⁷³

circPTPN22 promotes STAT3 acetylation via inhibiting the interaction between STAT3 and SIRT1,which attenuates PC immune microenvironment

¹⁷⁶

circXRN2 interacts with SPOP to inhibit the proliferation and migration of tumor cells

¹⁷⁷

exosomal cir93 interacts with and increases FABP3, reducing llipid peroxidation and desensitized LUAD cells to ferroptosis

¹⁷⁸

circRNA_102231 binds to and increases IRTKS stability, leading to GC progression

¹⁷⁹

circEXOC6B binds to RRAGB and suppresses the Mtorc1 pathway and HIF1A level, which inhibits growth and increases apoptosis of CRC cells

¹⁸⁰

circCDYL2 interacts with Ezrin and increases its protein levels, which induces CRC cell migration in vitro

¹⁸¹

circ SMARCA5 interacts with SND1 to inhibit SND1’s binding to YWHAB, and suppresses CC metastasis

¹⁸²

circPFKP interacts with IMPDH2 to promote the biogenesis of guanine nucleotides and facilitate PCa cells’proliferation

²⁵

circHIPK3 interacts with VCP and blocks VCP binding to the Beclin1 complex, which suppresses autophagy in BC cells

¹⁸³