Fig. 5: Effects of HNRNPD overexpression on the gene expression profile of chondrocytes. | Communications Biology

Fig. 5: Effects of HNRNPD overexpression on the gene expression profile of chondrocytes.

From: RNA-binding protein HNRNPD promotes chondrocyte senescence and osteoarthritis progression through upregulating FOXM1

Fig. 5

A Chondrocytes were co-treated by lipofectamine transfected pcDNA3.1 empty plasmid and pcDNA3.1-HNRNPD plasmid (1 μg/μL), and the RNA sequencing and AS analysis were performed. B The fluorescence expression of chondrocytes after transfection of pcDNA3.1-HNRNPD plasmid proved successful transfection (scale bar: 100 µm). C The clustering analysis of samples showed high similarity, which confirmed the correctness of the experimental design and sample sampling. D The heat map showed that the gene expression patterns and clustering relationships of the samples were similar. E Comparisons between samples showed the number of differentially expressed genes. F Histogram of the differential splicing events between chondrocytes transfected pcDNA3.1 empty and pcDNA3.1-HNRNPD plasmids. G GO analysis showed that the biological processes such as including the protein binding, ATP binding, transcription factor binding, and RNA binding were associated with HNRNPD in chondrocytes. H, I KEGG pathway analyses revealed these genes to be significantly linked to pathways including the cellular senescence, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, NF-κB signaling pathway, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. J Ras ratio heatmap of cellular senescence pathway showed that many genes, including FOXM1, Smad2, Mras, Itpr1, Lin9, and Fbxw11, were closely related to cellular senescence. Data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 5). ***P < 0.001 vs. the control group.

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