Table 1 Processes mediated by interkingdom QS signaling
From: A review of quorum-sensing and its role in mediating interkingdom interactions in the ocean
General Process | Signal/Molecule | Target Organisms and Specific Role(s) | References |
|---|---|---|---|
Development | QQ enzymatic degradation of AHL and AI-2 molecules | Aurelia aurita (moon jellyfish) Regulation of microbiome composition based on developmental stage | |
AHL | Ulva (Enteromorpha) sp. (green alga) Spore liberation, attachment, and germination | ||
Hydroides elegans (marine polychaete) and Balanus improvises (barnacle) Settlement | |||
Disease pathogenesis or interference in QS signaling | AHL | Acropora cervicornis (coral) Regulation of microbiome composition – pathogenic vs beneficial bacteria | |
Pocillopora damicornis (coral) Regulation of microbiome composition – pathogenic vs beneficial bacteria | |||
QQ degradation of AHL | Artemia salina (brine shrimp) and Venerupis philippinarum (Manila clam) Virulence of pathogenic bacteria | ||
Production of acylases with QQ activity in Anabaena sp. (filamentous cyanobacterium) | |||
Nitzschia cf pellucida (diatom) Haloperoxidase inactivation of AHLs | |||
Gymnodinium catenatum (dinoflagellate) Production of lactonases and acylases | |||
N-benzyl cinnamamide and α-resorcylic acid (inhibition of AI-2 signaling) | Gracilaria fisheri (red macroalgae) Bind to either receptor or autoinducer in AI-2 system | ||
Lyngbic acid (inhibitor of CAI-1 signaling) | Roseofilum reptotaenium (cyanobacteria) Inhibition of QS signaling via CqsS receptor in beneficial bacteria | ||
Halogenated furanones (inhibitor of AHLs) | Delisea pulchra (red alga) Virulence of pathogenic bacteria | ||
4-Methoxybenzoic acid | Halodule pinifolia (seagrass) Inhibits QS-mediated virulence gene expression, biofilm formation and virulence factor production | ||
Hypobromous acid | Laminaria sp. (brown macroalga) Deactivates AHLs impacting biofilm formation | ||
Sodium alginate oligomer OligoG CF-5/20 | Laminaria sp. (brown macroalga) QS antagonist due to interference with Las and Rhl QS systems; reduced biofilm formation and virulence factor production | ||
Betonicine, floridoside, isethionic acid, and phlorotannins | Various red and brown macroalgal representatives Inhibit production or reception of QS signals | ||
Microbial community composition | AI-2 | Ascophyllum nodosum, Pelvetia canaliculata, Laminaria digitata, and Saccharina latissima (brown algae) Regulation of microbiome composition; prevention of dysbiosis | |
QQ degradation of AHL | Hydra vulgaris (hydroid) Regulation of microbiome composition | ||
TDA | Phaeobacter gallaeciencis (bacterium) producer as a broad-spectrum antibiotic to prevent algal pathogens of Emiliania huxleyi (coccolithophore) | ||
Rosmarinic acid (QS mimic) | Asterionellopsis glacialis (diatom) Signal to surface-associated lifestyle switch by bacterial symbionts | ||
Lumichrome (QS mimic) | Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatom) and Emiliania huxleyi (coccolithophore) Recognized by LasR; induces antibiotic production in Vibrio spp. | ||
Dimethysulfoniopropionate (DMSP) | General organosulfur osmolyte produced by marine phytoplankton Triggers QS signal-mediated changes in bacteria gene expression; switch to cooperative lifestyle | ||
Population growth & cell physiology | AHL | Seminavis robusta (diatom) Cell cycle regulation; Lipid metabolism | |
Trichodesmium (cyanobacterium) Increase in alkaline phosphatase activity | |||
Anabaena sp. (filamentous cyanobacterium) Modulating growth and nitrogen metabolism | |||
Tetramic acids; resulting from the rearrangement via Claisen-like condensation reaction of 3-oxo-AHLs | Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatom) Decrease in photosynthetic efficiency; growth inhibition | ||
2-heptyl-4-quinolone (HHQ) | Emiliania huxleyi (coccolithophore) Cell cycle regulation; DNA repair; Lipid metabolism; Viral mortality; Pyrimidine biosynthesis | ||
Phaeodactylum tricornutum (diatom) Obstructs photosynthetic electron transport via inhibition of cytochrome b6f complex; inhibition of mitochondrial respiration lowering ATP levels | |||
Regulation of algicidal activity | AHL | Ponticoccus sp. (bacterium) against Procentrum donghaiense (dinoflagellate) | |
AI-2 | Bacillus subtilis (bacterium) against Alexandrium minutum (dinoflagellate) | ||
p-Coumaric acid resulting from algal lignin degradation; precursor of p-coumaroyl-HSL | Emiliania huxleyi (coccolithophore) Stimulation of the production of algaecides (troponoids) by Phaeobacter gallaeciencis | ||
p-Coumaric acid (or other phenylpropanoids) and 3-OH-C10-HSL (AHL) | Emiliania huxleyi (coccolithophore) Induction of roseobacticide-specific genes and tda operon to produce algaecides (roseobacticides) by Phaeobacter inhibens | ||
Viral attachment/entry | AHL | Escherichia coli and phage λ | |
Vibrio anguillarum and phage KVP40 | |||
CAI-1 and AI-2 | Vibrio cholerae and associated phages | ||
CRISPR-Cas immunity | AHL | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |
Serratia sp. | |||
QQ degradation of AHL | Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa | ||
Viral hijacking of QS systems | 3,5-dimethylpyrazin-2-ol | Vibrio cholerae and phage VP882 Regulation of lysis-lysogeny decisions | |
AI-2 | Escherichia coli and phage T1 Regulation of lysis-lysogeny decisions | ||
AHL | Vibrio anguillarum and ϕH20-like phage Regulation of lysis-lysogeny decisions | ||
Phage-produced “arbitrium” signaling peptides | Phage of SPbeta group infecting Bacillus subtilis Regulation of lysis-lysogeny decisions |
