Fig. 3: Mannose inhibits lactate production and lactylation. | Communications Biology

Fig. 3: Mannose inhibits lactate production and lactylation.

From: Mannose inhibits PKM2 lactylation to induce pyroptosis in bladder cancer and activate antitumor immune responses

Fig. 3

A Measurement of the pH of the culture medium of bladder cancer cells following mannose treatment. B Seahorse analysis of the impact of mannose on the glycolytic capacity of UMUC3 and 5637 cells. C PLS-DA validation of the effects of mannose on the metabolic profile of UMUC3 bladder cancer cells. D KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of significantly altered metabolic pathways in UMUC3 cells treated with mannose. E Changes in glycolytic products in mannose-treated UMUC3 cells analyzed via metabolomics. F Analysis of LDH enzyme activity in bladder cancer cells treated with mannose. G Measurement of lactate levels in bladder cancer cells following mannose treatment. H Analysis of pyruvate levels in bladder cancer cells treated with mannose. I Assessment of ATP production in mannose-treated bladder cancer cells. J Restoration of ATP production by lactate supplementation in mannose-treated bladder cancer cells. K Western blot analysis of lactylation levels in mannose-treated bladder cancer cells. L Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the effects of mannose on protein lactylation levels in xenograft tumor tissues from nude mice.

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