Fig. 3: Crystal structure of AaApu in apo form, wild-type (wt), and acarbose complex.

a Overall structure of AaApu depicted in cartoon representation, highlighting the catalytic dyad (shown as sphere) and β-sheet (colored in green). b A 90° clockwise rotation of panel (a) around the y-axis. c Crystal structure of AaApuwt complexed with acarbose shown in cartoon representation, with the five conserved regions displayed as surface and relevant residues shown as sticks. d The 2Fo-Fc electron density map (contoured at 1.0σ) showing acarbose bound to the active center of AaApu. e Binding of acarbose to the −4 to −1 subsites of the AaApu active pocket.