Fig. 3: GWAS analysis.
From: Genomic analysis of Plasmodium vivax field isolates circulating in sub-Saharan Africa
A GWAS analysis of sequences obtained from 18 P. vivax African isolates infecting homozygous Duffy-positive patients and 52 P. vivax African isolates infecting heterozygous Duffy-positive patients for invasion-related genes. Manhattan plot displaying the genome-wide association results. Each dot represents a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), plotted as the negative log10-transformed p value (−log10(P))(−log_{10}(P))(−log10 (P)) of the association test. The x-axis represents genomic regions, labeled as PvP01_01_v1 through PvP01_14_v1, corresponding to different chromosomes or contigs of the Plasmodium vivax genome. The dashed horizontal line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold. No SNPs surpassed the genome-wide significance threshold, suggesting that no variants showed statistically significant associations after multiple testing correction. B Association of genetic variants in selected genes with the phenotype of interest. Genes are displayed on the x-axis, and the dashed horizontal line indicates the genome-wide significance threshold. Genes include AMA1, DBP, EBP, ETRAMP, GAMA, MSA180, MSP1, MSP1P, P12, RAMA, RBP2a, RBP2b, and RON. No SNPs reached the genome-wide significance threshold in this analysis.
