Fig. 1: Transcriptomic analysis of osteosarcoma at the single-cell level.

A Dendrogram showcasing cell clustering across varying resolutions, highlighting the stability of cluster formation and the impact of resolution choice on cell grouping. This analysis was conducted using clustree to evaluate the robustness of the clustering algorithm. B t-SNE and UMAP representations of single-cell transcriptomes from 17 osteosarcoma samples and six osteosarcoma tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) samples. These plots demonstrate the homogeneous distribution of cells across samples, indicating the successful normalization of the data. C t-SNE and UMAP visualization of the ten primary cell types identified within osteosarcoma samples based on the expression of previously curated marker genes. This panel illustrates the cellular diversity within the tumor microenvironment and the distinct transcriptional profiles of each cell type. D Bar graphs depicting the proportional representation of cell clusters in the 17 osteosarcoma samples and six osteosarcoma-TIL samples. This panel highlights the heterogeneity of cell populations across different lesions and the consistency of specific cell types within the tumor microenvironment. E Dot plot detailing the expression of 23 feature genes across the ten identified cell clusters. The size of each dot corresponds to the proportion of cells within a cluster expressing a specific marker gene. At the same time, the color gradient represents the average expression level of that marker. This plot provides insights into the marker gene expression patterns that define each cell cluster and their relative abundance.