Fig. 6: DCUN1D5-mediated dysregulation in osteoclast maturation and activation in osteosarcoma.

A Monocle 2 trajectory analysis illustrates osteoclast subpopulations’ distribution and clustering, highlighting distinct developmental stages. B Detailed subgroup classification within the osteoclast lineage, emphasizing the heterogeneity and complexity of cell types. C Temporal progression of osteoclast differentiation, depicting the dynamic changes in cell states over time. D The Spatial representation of DCUN1D5 expression levels across different osteoclast subclusters showcases its predominant expression in specific developmental phases. E Monocle 3 trajectory visualization, offering a comprehensive view of osteoclast subtype dynamics, from precursors to mature and non-functional states. F Patterns of DCUN1D5 expression throughout the osteoclast maturation process, indicating its crucial role in the transition between cell stages. G Heatmap with hierarchical clustering, presenting the developmental timelines of osteoclast subtypes and their associated marker genes, elucidating the molecular signatures defining each stage. H Differential clustering heatmap highlights the distinct developmental pathways emerging from branch point 4, focusing on the differentiation trajectories leading to immature, mature, and non-functional osteoclasts. I Schematic representation of DCUN1D5’s pivotal role in directing the differentiation of precursor osteoclasts towards their active and functional mature forms, thereby influencing osteosarcoma progression through abnormal osteoclast activation.