Fig. 13: Strontium with sodium carbonate electrolyte produces carbon nano-onions.

A shows an SEM image of a lower CNO product purity previously grown in the same electrolyte, which shows a mixture of CNTs, CNO, and carbon nanobamboos. Panels (B) through (G) show the SEM images of a product with a pure CNO product. Electrolyses were conducted in 54 wt% SrCO₃, 41 wt% Li₂CO₃, and 5 wt% Na₂CO₃ in an electrolyte at 770 °C and J = 0.6 A/cm² utilizing a stainless steel 304 carbon pot as the anode and a 168 cm² area brass cathode. The SEM magnifications are A 6200×, B 500×, C 5000×, D 6200×, E 20,000×, and F 110,000× magnification.