Table 2 Characterization of the genes belonging to knm BGC and comparison with their orthologues from bal (balhimycin BGC from Am. balhimycina DSM 5908) and ris (ristocetin BGC from Amycolatopsis sp. TNS 106)

From: A rare peptide scaffold in kineomicins, the glycopeptide antibiotics produced by Actinokineospora auranticolor DSM 44650

knm

bal (nucleic acid sequence identity)

ris (nucleic acid sequence identity)

Product (function)

knm1

a

ORF1 (78%)

VanH (GPA resistance d-Lactate dehydrogenase)

knm2

a

ORF2 (81,5%)

VanA (GPA resistance d-Ala-d-Lac ligase)

knm3

a

ORF3 (82%)

VanX (GPA resistance d,d-dipeptidase)

knm4

vnlSAb (86%)

a

VanS (GPA resistance two-component regulatory system sensor histidine kinase)

knm5

vnlRAb (85%)

a

VanR (GPA two-component regulatory system sensor resistance response regulator)

knm6

vanYAb (77%)

a

VanY (GPA resistance d,d-carboxypeptidase)

knm7R

bbr (85%)

ORF4 (85%)

StrR-like transcriptional regulator (key pathway-specific regulator)

knm8

pdhsec (80%)

ORF5 (79%)

Pdh (prephenate dehydrogenase, tyrosine supply)

knm9

tba (85%)

ORF6 (84%)

ABC-transporter (GPA export)

knmA

bpsA

ORF7

NRPS (modules 1-2)

knmB

bpsB

ORF8

NRPS (module 3)

knmC

bpsB

ORF9

NRPS (modules 4-5-6)

knmD

bpsC

ORF10

NRPS (module 7)

knm10

mbtH (91%)

ORF11 (92%)

MbtH (NRPS chaperone protein)

knm11

oxyA (83%)

ORF12 (79%)

OxyA (cross-linking oxygenase, D-O-E)

knm12

oxyB (85%)

ORF14 (82%)

OxyB (cross-linking oxygenase, C-O-D)

knm13

a

a

Dahp (3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate) synthase, Tei14* orthologue (76% nucleic acid sequence identity) (tyrosine supply)

knm14

oxyC (84%)

ORF15 (79%)

OxyC (cross-linking oxygenase, A-B)

knm15

bhaA (89%)

a

Tyrosine halogenase

knm16

bgtfA (79%)

ORF16 (71%)

GT1-family glycosyltransferase

knm17

bgtfB (80%)

ORF17 (77%)

GT1-family glycosyltransferase

knm18

bgtfC (78%)

ORF17 (75%)

GT1-family glycosyltransferase

knm19

orf2 (75%)

ORF21 (74%)

N-acetylglucosaminyl deacetylase

knm20

a

ORF22 (82%)

GT39-family glycosyltransferase (mannosyltransferase)

knm21

pgat (87%)

ORF24 (85%)

HpgT (4-hydroxyphenylglycine transaminase, Hpg/Dpg biosynthesis)

knm22

bhp (88%)

ORF25 (83%)

Thioesterase (Bht biosynthesis)

knm23

bpsD (86%)

ORF26 (84%)

Single-modular NRPS (Bht biosynthesis)

knm24

oxyD (87%)

ORF27 (84%)

Monooxygenase (Bht biosynthesis)

knm25

hmaS (84%)

ORF28 (84%)

HmaS (hydroxymandelate synthase, Hpg biosynthesis)

knm26

hmo (86%)

ORF29 (83%)

Hmo (hydroxymandelate oxidase, Hpg biosynthesis)

knm27

orf7 (85%)

a

Na+-H+ antiporter

knm28

dvaA (89%)

ORF30 (88%)

dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranose 2,3-dehydratase

knm29

dvaE*

ORF31 (88%)

C4-ketoreductase

knm30

dvaB (90%)

ORF32 (88%)

dTDP-3-amino-2,3,6-trideoxy-

4-keto-d-glucose transaminase

knm31

dvaD (87%)

ORF33 (86%)

C5-epimerase

knm32

a

a

glucose-1-phosphate thymidylylransferase

knm33

dpgA (88%)

ORF35 (87%)

DpgA (type III polyketide synthase)

knm34

dpgB (84%)

ORF36 (79%)

DpgB (enoyl-CoA hydratase)

knm35

dpgC (87%)

ORF37 (85%)

DpgC (3,5-dihydroxyphenylacetyl-CoA 1,2-dioxygenase)

knm36

a

a

Uncharacterized protein conserved in bacteria (DUF2336)

knm37

a

a

Porcine testicular carbonyl reductase (PTCR)-like

  1. a – orthologue is absent.
  2. * – nucleic acid sequence identity is not given since dvaE in bal is truncated.