Fig. 4: DELFIA assessment of cross-binding among VHHs targeting multiple long-chain α-neurotoxins.

The binding of five different VHHs to five different native α-neurotoxins purified from venom (fractions Dv4 and Dv6 from D. viridis, fraction Dp7 from D. polylepis polylepis, α-cobratoxin from N. kaouthia, and α-bungarotoxin from Bungarus multicinctus) was analysed. The toxins were tested at concentrations ranging from 250 nM to 16 pM.