Fig. 3: Comparison of the shapes, sizes, and cobalt contents of the cobalt-doped ferrite samples by varying the maximum reaction temperature.

The bare akaganeite (hollow), aka@0.40PAA (half-filled), or aka@0.40PAA@2.5SiO2 (filled, with a shell thickness of 2.5 nm) precursors were converted in a hydrothermal step with a filling volume of 100%. The conversion of aka@0.40PAA@2.5SiO2 precursors was performed twice. a At a maximum reaction temperature of 160 °C, the shape changed from cubic to truncated cubic shapes. b By increasing the reaction temperature to 190 °C, the shape is more truncated. In comparison to the use of bare akaganeite, the size and cobalt-to-iron ratio of the cobalt-doped particles decrease when using PAA-modified precursors, and increase when a silica shell is added around the precursors for both setups, performing the reaction at either c 160 °C or d 190 °C.